Remote Patient Monitoring System

System Overview

Remote patient monitoring enables continuous health tracking outside clinical settings, reducing hospital readmissions by 50%.

Vital Sign Sensors

• MAX30102: Heart rate & SpO2 (I2C)
• MLX90614: Non-contact temperature
• MPU6050: Activity & fall detection
• ADS1292R: ECG monitoring

Hardware Setup

ESP32 → MAX30102 (Pulse Oximeter)
VCC → 3.3V, GND → GND
SDA → GPIO21, SCL → GPIO22
INT → GPIO34

ESP32 → MLX90614 (Temperature)
VCC → 3.3V, GND → GND
SDA → GPIO21, SCL → GPIO22

ESP32 → MPU6050 (Accelerometer)
VCC → 3.3V, GND → GND
SDA → GPIO21, SCL → GPIO22
INT → GPIO35

ESP32 Firmware

#include 
#include 
#include 

MAX30105 particleSensor;

void setup() {
  particleSensor.begin(Wire, I2C_SPEED_FAST);
  particleSensor.setup();
  particleSensor.setPulseAmplitudeRed(0x0A);
  
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 8883);
}

void loop() {
  long irValue = particleSensor.getIR();
  long redValue = particleSensor.getRed();
  
  float spo2 = calculateSpO2(irValue, redValue);
  float bpm = calculateBPM(irValue);
  float temp = readTemperature();
  
  // Publish to cloud
  publishVitals(spo2, bpm, temp);
  
  // Check for alerts
  checkAlerts(spo2, bpm);
  
  delay(5000);
}

Cloud Dashboard

// Node-RED dashboard flow
[
  {"id":"mqtt-in","type":"mqtt in","topic":"patient/+/vitals"},
  {"id":"function","type":"function","func":"msg.payload = {heart_rate: msg.payload.bpm, spo2: msg.payload.spo2}; return msg;"},
  {"id":"gauge-hr","type":"ui_gauge","name":"Heart Rate","format":"{{value}} bpm"},
  {"id":"gauge-spo2","type":"ui_gauge","name":"SpO2","format":"{{value}} %"}
]

Alert System

void checkAlerts(float spo2, float bpm) {
  if (spo2 < 90) {
    sendAlert("LOW_SPO2", spo2);
  }
  if (bpm > 120 || bpm < 50) {
    sendAlert("ABNORMAL_HR", bpm);
  }
}

void sendAlert(String type, float value) {
  // Send to healthcare provider
  client.publish("patient/alerts", 
    "{\"type\":\"" + type + "\",\"value\":" + String(value) + "}");
}